Alevel宏观经济重点总结 essay素材中英对照版本（3）

　　相较于微观经济学，Alevel宏观经济学macroeconomics的研究对象体量加大，学习的知识也比微观经济学要抽象一些，同学们在上课时可能会觉得不好理解这些散碎的知识点。但是如果在本科想要申请经济学类的专业，alevel阶段的ECON课程就是必备的。

　　为帮助大家更好地学习备考，我们考而思惟世为大家梳理过许多有关alevel经济学的内容，这次和大家分享的alevel宏经重点知识点是Fiscal policy 财政政策的相关内容，一起来看看吧！

　　Limitations of fiscal policy 财政政策的局限性

　　I--Inflexible--Government spending is inflexible as it is difficult to cut spending on healthcare and pensions. Once an investment project has begun, e.g. new road, it is economically difficult to stop it.

　　不灵活--政府支出不灵活，因为很难削减医疗和养老金的支出。一旦投资项目开始，如新的道路，在经济上就很难停止它。

　　S--Size of change--The extent to which a change in tax levels will impact AD will depend upon the extent of the change. A small change in tax rates may not be enough to encourage/discourage spending and therefore will reduce the impact of the policy.

　　变化的规模--税收水平的变化对AD的影响程度将取决于变化的程度。税率的微小变化可能不足以鼓励/抑制支出，因此会降低政策的影响。

　　A--Adverse effect on incentives and other macroeconomic objectives--e.g. increases income tax may discourage some people from working and hence increase unemployment. Increasing corporation tax may discourage investment. There is a risk that expansionary fiscal policy can increase inflationary pressure and worsen a current account deficit.

　　对激励措施和其他宏观经济目标的不利影响--例如，增加所得税可能会使一些人不愿意工作，从而增加失业率。增加公司税可能会阻碍投资。扩张性财政政策有可能增加通货膨胀压力，并使经常账户赤字恶化。

　　T--Time lag--changes in government spending and tax rates take time to impact on the economy. There is also a time lag in the time it takes to draw up and implement new tax codes and government spending plans.

　　时间滞后--政府支出和税率的变化需要时间来影响经济。制定和实施新的税法和政府开支计划也需要一定的时间滞后。

　　U--Unexpected ways--households and firms may act in unexpected ways following changes in fiscal policy--e.g. a reduced income tax and corporation tax may not increase consumption or investment if firms and consumers lack consumer and investor confidence. E.g. their expectations for the future; if they are concerned about the future of their jobs/future of their business they may not spend/invest now.

　　意想不到的方式--家庭和企业在财政政策变化后可能会采取意想不到的方式--例如，如果企业和消费者缺乏消费者和投资者的信心，降低所得税和公司税可能不会增加消费或投资。例如，他们对未来的期望；如果他们担心自己工作的未来/企业的未来，他们现在可能不会消费/投资。

　　M--Multiplier effect--the impact that an increase in government spending will have on the economy depends on the proportion of earnings that consumers pass on through consumption, as this affects the size of the multiplier effect--low multiplier effect--lower impact on AD.

　　乘数效应--政府支出的增加对经济的影响取决于消费者通过消费传递的收入比例，因为这影响到乘数效应的大小--低乘数效应--对AD的影响较低。

　　S--Sustainability of government spending--creates a hole in government finances, forced to borrow--this accrues interest for the gov, unlikely that they’ll be able to follow expansionary fiscal policy indefinitely.

　　政府支出的可持续性--在政府财政中形成一个漏洞，被迫借贷--这对政府来说会产生利息，他们不可能无限期地遵循扩张性财政政策。

　　以上就是小编为大家整理的alevel宏观经济重点知识点的essay写作素材，希望对大家有所帮助，考而思惟世为需要参加国际课程学习、语言测试和留学面试等等方面的同学们提供对应的辅导，祝各位学业有成金榜题名！如有更多有关alevel辅导的需要，欢迎来联系在线客服老师，会获得更多专业的指导哦！