Alevel心理学知识点梳理 社会应用科目——Conformity 顺从性

　　大家在备考Alevel心理学的时候，除了要掌握题型之外，还要清楚重点的知识点，今天主要为大家介绍的是alevel心理学考试中的高频考点Conformity顺从性，希望对大家的备考有帮助。

　　Definition定义

　　Conformity involves a change of behaviour or opinion in order to fit in with a group.

　　This may be a membership group (family or peers), or it may be a reference group (pop or sports stars). This group can be either a majority or a minority group.

　　顺从涉及到行为或观点的改变，以适应一个群体。

　　这可能是一个成员群体（家庭或同龄人），也可能是一个参考群体（流行音乐或体育明星）。这个群体可以是多数群体，也可以是少数群体。

　　Why people conform人们为什么顺从

　　Two main processes have been identified in causing people to conform导致人们顺从的两个主要过程已经被确认:

　　Normative influence规范性影响:

　　This type of influence often comes from peer pressure. Reasons include; fear of rejection, wanting approval, simply to be identified as part of a group and to show loyalty.

　　这种类型的影响通常来自同伴的压力。原因包括：害怕被拒绝，希望得到认可，仅仅是为了被认定为群体的一部分，以及为了显示忠诚度。

　　How often do people look at their friends when they vote for something with their hands up?

　　当人们举手投票时，有多少次会看着他们的朋友？

　　Informational influence信息性影响:

　　This type of influence is concerned with the fear of looking unintelligent and believing others know better, especially if the task is difficult or unfamiliar.

　　这种类型的影响涉及到害怕看起来不聪明和相信别人知道得更多，特别是在任务困难或不熟悉的情况下。

　　Would you trust someone else's answer more than your own when you haven't revised very hard for a test?

　　当你没有为考试而努力复习时，你会不会更相信别人的答案而不是自己的答案？

　　Minority influence少数群体的影响

　　A minority group can also strongly influence an individual, this is more likely when the minority are the 'in group', possibly due to social status or age, or they are acting out of principle and have made personal sacrifices in the pursuit of their beliefs.

　　Moscovici designed an experiment to investigate the influence of a stooge minority, that is a group of people who have been 'planted' in the experiment. The stooges will already have been told what to say by the researcher.

　　In this experiment, volunteers had to judge the colour of slides that were blue-green. If the minority were consistent, for example, saying "green" all the time, they had a definite influence in changing the opinions of others in the group.

　　少数群体也可以强烈地影响一个人，当少数人是"内向群体"时，这更有可能，可能是因为社会地位或年龄，或者他们是出于原则，在追求他们的信仰时做出了个人牺牲。

　　Moscovici设计了一个实验来研究傀儡少数人的影响，也就是一群被"植入"实验的人。这些傀儡将已经被研究者告知该说些什么。

　　在这个实验中，志愿者必须判断蓝绿相间的幻灯片的颜色。如果少数人是一致的，例如，一直说"绿色"，他们对改变小组中其他人的意见有一定的影响。

　　Quick check on terminology对术语的快速检查

　　Finally, check your psychological vocabulary - try this mix and match exercise. Just drag and drop the correct vocabulary into place to match the definitions.

　　最后，检查你的心理学词汇--试试这个混合和匹配练习。只要把正确的词汇拖到合适的位置，就可以与定义相匹配。

　　以上是小编为大家总结的Alevel心理学考点，希望对大家有所帮助，祝各位同学学业有成金榜题名！如有更多Alevel辅导的需要，欢迎联系在线客服老师，会获得更专业的指导~